All this confusion has led to a great deal of irresponsibility which was exposed by the Chernobyl experience. As a matter of course, due to my nature and because of old habits, I called for a car and went to the activists' meeting. Recently, all of us became concerned about the quality of training and readiness of the personnel who design, build and operate nuclear power stations, because the number of facilities had sharply increased, but the quality of the personnel involved in this process had likely decreased and was decreasing before our eyes. For example, the Politburo correctly decided to create a relevant nuclear organization within the Academy of Sciences; because there is no alternative, no competition. No careful monitoring of the instrument, no attention to the condition of the equipment between planned preventive maintenance. Adamovich: And then you drove past these suits? Building one case takes 2-3 years. But this reactor was not considered bad because of safety reasons. What was this fateful mistake? These tunnels were to be used to construct that concrete bed which had a cooling feature. This could have resulted in a terrible disaster - the rupture of a large pipeline of the VVER device. Because, in principle, with the correct configuration of graphite and with less volume inserted into the zone, this graphite inhibitor could, of course, hold the vapour coefficient within allowable quantities. Recalling this trip now, I can say that I had absolutely no idea that we were driving toward an event of a planetary scale, one that would most likely be remembered alongside famous events like the volcanic eruption at Pompei and other such catastrophes. It went like this. So as to not limit the plans to introduce new nuclear power capacities and considering the overload of the machine building industry, create a parallel branch in nuclear energy that would allow building sufficiently powerful reactors without using the shell concept, without burdening the machine building industry with the complex technology for manufacturing highly reliable reactor shells that are required for VVER reactors. The correct decision was made during the time of comrade Vedernikov. So this episode of installing the needle was described very elaborately and very, so to say, extensively. So, I heard his first call When I worked with Shcherbina, I never heard him speaking to Gorbachev. From a safety point of view, it even stood out as being better, as I understood from the discussions. They had to gather the needed information about the medical, technical, radioactive situation from the specialists in a quantity they needed, be it full or partial, deal with imprecisions when we ourselves didnt have enough information. If there were containments, then RBMK would simply not exist; as it didnt anywhere in the world, this type of reactor. Maybe someone is trying to create it now. The iron would oxidize and the temperatures would rise further still. It was not clear what to do in it. So that there is an understanding. In other words, this issue was constantly under his control, as were all the other issues related to the Chernobyl accident. And only when we had the containments, the stations being built for the last 5-6 years, the ones being designed now, and the ones that will be built, all are being built with containments. At this point, I want to say that, particularly in the initial period, considering the tragedy of the situation, considering such despair, I would say, considering the lack of technical means, lack of experience in handling such a large scale catastrophe, confusion and uncertainty could have easily arisen in decision making. I think that we should look at the work in other industries [as well]. And ammonium nitrate is an explosive in its pure form. To date, it has generated more than half a billion roubles of income for the Government, which more than covers that cost of 25 million roubles for the projects that failed. For this, they used both statistically reliable samples that were gathered on the sitefollowed by analysis in the radiochemical laboratories that had been deployed in Chernobyl, and some samples were sent to the institutes, the Radio Institute or the Institute of Nuclear Energyand measurements of gamma fields made using helicopters. So we had to send a considerable number of helicopters to take the measurements and investigate. Entirely another case was when Eugeny Pavlovich proposed to construct another such plate under the wreck that was outside of reactor number 4. That is, was it generating short-lived radioactive isotopes or not? It was necessary to assess the condition of all the rooms and areas on the entire Chernobyl station, its surrounding areas and roads. So you can calculate. And not that they had any experience [to draw from]. On the other hand, people were contaminated; and their things were contaminated. mannered habits, I called the car and went to the party-economic asset. After I arrived at the institute, they met me, washed me, cleaned me as much as it was possible. A proper management system had to be established for scientific research, design and execution of projects across all these very diverse areas of work. However, the use of robots was not successful because all the robots that were tested initially were either mechanically unable to operate among the wreckage, or they simply could not overcome the obstacles on large irregular surfaces. When on an even surface but inside strong radiation fields, their electronics, usually the control modules, failed making them inoperable. But when such cases became known, a scandal broke out. Well, so as to not use [TAPE ERASED]. This is what I did on the flight. That was the first problem. great successes in the construction of which were achieved, he said in passing, The Chernobyl station belonged to the neighboring Ministry, the Ministry o. of accident, but it will not stop the development of nuclear energy. With the same . Do you understand? 56 in Moscow and graduated with a gold medal. Somewhere around the 10th day of May, Vyacheslav Dmitrievich Svetliy arrived, who was called by Velikhov. We were concerned by the question: how deep do the radionuclides penetrate after they are deposited on the surface; how are they absorbed. Valery Alekseyevich Legasov (Russian: ; 1 September 1936 - 27 April 1988) was a Soviet and Russian inorganic chemist and a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Because the main thing is that, in principle, it was possible to add positive reactivity with such a strong acceleration. They were helping to organize the headquarters under the Central Committee to help the development of the nuclear energy. This third element was requested by the Finns. But it was not so. Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Valery Legassov transcriptions from his tapes Open navigation menu Close suggestionsSearchSearch enChange Language Why does he hide them? This was a difficult task which was fulfilled heroically by the station personnel. It means adding more and more instruments to it, some additional diagnostics tools and so on. For some reason, many sources state that there was one explosion, or two explosions, or a hydrogen explosion, or a non-hydrogen explosion. Because information came out in separate blocks. All this certainly gave an impression of gross neglect, of gross sloppiness towards maintaining documentation, which should be accurate and describe the state of building structures, and walkways, and electrical communications at every moment in time. People from Kiev took the correct measures at this time. It became clear that it is impossible not to develop nuclear energy. Want to tell you the untold and hidden truth of the Chernobyl disaster. Become a patron and make this project possible : https://www.patreon.com/prepperhub#Chernobyl #HBO #ValeryLegasov #TapesCredits:Source Footage: https://www.dubedits.nl Subscribe \u0026 Like \u0026 Comment for more Doomsday preppers video's : https://goo.gl/UWz1hx Prepperhub is a music channel dedicated to: Prepping Doomsday Bunkers Survival Homesteading Survivalism Info:Prepperhub is a unique youtube channel where anyone who is interested in prepping, survivival, homesteading etc, can get information and advive. The commands were issued; however, the checks on how precisely they had been fulfilled were at times delayed. The procedures established at this station were sharply different from ours. Adamovich: Sorry, but the first commission, they must have then called. They were taken away on Sunday. A procedure for ordering materials was established already; a procedure for work fulfilment. Therefore, we still cannot fully explain this phenomenon but there are such theories. And a large army [of journalists] appeared there. Nevertheless, all the station workers from the ordinary up to the ministerial staff, were ready for the most rigorous and courageous, so to say, actions. It is a very green and very pleasant city, like a quiet countryside - this was the impression we got when driving through there. In economy, in cost per kilowatt-hour of energy, in fuel consumption, it was about the same as VVER, better in some ways, worse in others. Now it has merged with Minmash. The first four tapes feature only Legasov giving a recounting of the entire event, from the moment he learned of the accident to his final days at the Kurchatov Institute. After gathering all the necessary documentation and receiving from comrade Kalugin some explanation about the structure of the station and the possible issues that could occur, I dropped by my house. And so the design of the new city of Slavutych began; the city that would replace Pripyat as the permanent residence for the power engineers. You are then given special clothing, like this one, blue or white. With the approval of the director of the Institute, with his full support, the first deputy was working on organising system-wide research on the structure of nuclear energy, an activity that was of little interest to the Ministry and was happening solely because of the support from Anatoly Petrovich Aleksandrov. Of course there was no basis whatsoever to carry out such a work because we more or less knew where most of the radioactivity was distributed around each reactor zone. I will say a few words about this later. As of today, it has been absolutely reliably established, and it must be unambiguously written, that there were two consecutive explosions, the second more powerful than the first. I tried to establish such things that would bring the institute together, like the Kurchatov General Council, the institutes general seminar, and setting up various publications that would, on order, sit on the desks of researchers so that they could quickly get all the news from their field. These decisions were accepted and written down in session protocols. The work of the Government Commission (GC) during the first days was as follows. Although not a reactor specialist, he became a key member of the government commission formed to investigate the causes of the disaster and to plan the mitigation of its consequences. Sensors for radiation fields, sensors that could measure the composition of gas at various locations in the Chernobyl NPP. After that, more and more thorough dosimetric measurements of the situation were carried out. But this is not for publication yet because they will take both your and my head off; mine first and then yours. But actually, that doesnt have particular significance. There is no capability to use the theory of risk and reliability of devices to anticipate possible consequences of such events and to prepare for them in advance. The concept of science leadership came down to a system where the basic principles of constructing a device were given to the designer, and the science supervisor was responsible for those principles to be physically correct and safe. This faculty trained specialists, mainly researchers, who were to work in the field of nuclear industry, that is, be able to separate isotopes, to work with radioactive substances, to extract uranium from the ore, bring it to the needed condition, make nuclear fuel from it, to process nuclear fuel that had been removed from the reactor having a strong radioactivity component, to extract useful products from it as well as the dangerous and hazardous parts, to be able to compact them, bury them so that they would not harm humans, and use parts of radioactive resources for the national economy, medicine maybe. On these matters, I would say, Viktor Aleksandrovich Sidorenko was the leader of the people who were concerned. The operator had to go and search for them. Very basic, but it enabled keeping people's hands, and the food itself, safe from contamination. The first measure showed that there was a powerful source of neutron radiation. And the Ministry, after evaluating the scientific proposals, was technically obliged to execute them precisely. Legasov: The VVER reactor is a large metal vessel in which the active zone is immersed in water. I must say that this work was not safe because the pilot had to hover above the reactor, drop a considerably large load, and then leave quickly so as to not get an excessive dose of radiation and most importantly, drop exactly on target. The questions of international inspections, quality checks of constructed facilities, etc, to create this international procedure it is necessary to express this desire and this, in my opinion, would be right. But with regards to this particular device [RBMK], they considered themselves absolute creators and owners. That we will need nuclear sources in an ever-increasing amount, firstly due to economic considerations, resources and secondly, environmental. This is how the situation was developing before the Chernobyl events. But, money being limited, no investments were made for 10 years. It melts and has high volatilization [sic] of saturated vapours. It should begin with the measures that are planned in the Soviet Union to increase the safety of nuclear energy. In the scientific sphere, I chose a fascinating field for myself which I have already mentionedchemical physics related to creating unusual substances, creating systems that would allow obtaining hydrogen in one way or another, linking places where hydrogen is obtained to nuclear energy generation sites. And against this background, against the background of lead contamination, to detect lead contamination caused by the 2400 tons scattered around was almost impossible. The head of the Government Commission was Boris Yevdokimovich Shcherbina. Secondly, silt, including that in the Dnieper basin, turned out to be contaminated. Also, we didnt know the exact temperatures at various points of the destroyed Chernobyl reactor. This again was related to the first reason, the rush, with the necessity for a high pace of development of nuclear devices. Do you see? We need to pay a Russian translator to translate the tapes to English. And most importantly, emphasize that nuclear sources, as any previous sources, are not only the bearer of energy but also the bearer of new technology. Another set of tasks was performed by the construction experts from the Ministry of Energy who were building a temporary village called Green Cape (Zelyoniy Mis). Two of these ten projects, I am afraid, will have the same fate, and for roughly the same reasons. This was miraculously discovered and this, the most powerful disaster we would have just lost the entire Kola Peninsula. So, when it became clear that there is not enough of Soviet energy, then Efim Pavlovich Slavsky, the Minister of Medium Machine Building said, There is a way to help the country. Do you understand? There was a construction base on the territory where machinery and materials needed for the construction of the 5th and 6th blocks were stored. This is what makes the Minsk station and the Finnish station distinct. Given that there are 2,400 tons, the burning would have continued for 2,400 hours. Very interestingly, the station staff consisted of 45 people, if I recall correctly, who had to plan the reloading operation; that is they planned who, of the people that didn't work at the station, had to participate in the reloading. David R. Marples has suggested the adversity of the Chernobyl disaster on his psychological state was the factor leading to his decision to take his own life[6] and that Legasov had become bitterly disillusioned with the failure of the authorities to confront the design flaws. They were communicating, continuously, constantly. Adamovich: That is what Adamov already told me, and Velikhov said the same. It was used for such cases when, say, key decisions were taken like whether to make the RBMK 1500, or whether to introduce a heat exchange intensifier to this reactor. Around 11 a.m. on the 26th of April, Boris Evdokimovich [Scherbina], after considering all our recommendations, decided to go ahead with the mandatory evacuation. After the 2nd of May, we stopped the drops for some time. [1] Bencana Chernobyl [ sunting | sunting sumber] An accident is possible in which organophosphorus compounds form, a single breath of which is lethal. [1] Water in the lower barboteur was drained but Legasov was convinced that an explosion was not possible,[7] in contrast to what some scientists and politicians feared. And that it was necessary to put nuclear energy sources into operation, to do this quickly. Valery Legasov, 51, Chernobyl Investigator - The New York . It was not in the design, but it was there and not shown in any of the drawings. They started to say that they turned the cooling on, turned this or that on. It would enclose the object in what is called a containment (maybe an underground option or other possible engineering options), but the most important for reliability is to have a system that does not rely on a geographical site. I fought against this project from May; an absolutely useless project. Some construction elements of the lower part of reactor may not withstand that. Risks could be taken in this work, and I did risk a lot. And this wasnt because there was no such knowledge. The show opens with Legasov's suicide, on the second anniversary of the explosion. This was, I think, in 1985. The dropping of, say, sand, dolomite, clay started around the 28th. These were the questions that I had. well I was involved in, at least during the statement of the problem and in the development of these works. This information captured my imagination and I devoted all my subsequent professional work to synthesising such unusual compounds, using various physical methods, that would be powerful oxidizing agents, have a number of unusual properties which I was happy to work on, and on the basis on which it was possible to build a whole range of technological processes. It proposed to create another explosion by introducing nitrate mixtures there. Judging by the quantity and dynamics of the radioactive exhaust from reactor number 4 our actions were quite effective. Sometimes, they managed to ask the Chairman of the Government Commission, or one of the members of the Commission, about some particular, specific topic. During the initial days in Pripyat, food was delivered: cucumbers, tomatoes, sausages, Pepsi-cola bottles, lemonades. In this case, they had received the following signal: "1-2-3-4"; which means that an event had occurred at the station that involved nuclear hazard, radiation hazard, fire hazard and explosive hazard, that is to say, all possible types of hazard. During the initial launches of the first unit at the Leningrad nuclear station, there was a problem of instability of neutron flows and difficulty in managing them. My first idea was to drop iron shot. The station personnel was transferred to a Pioneers camp Skazochniy, that was 10 km from Pripyat. And we even thought that it would partially evaporate, cool down in the higher area and then flow down again. Because of all the metals that were there, it is the most fusible. And for the last 20 years, he spoke wherever he could, at the Politburo, etc. At the same time, it would also be a kind of heat-conducting element. I can't find any factual mention of the tapes being hidden. The chairman of the Politburo, M.S.Gorbachev immediately warned me that, at that moment, he was not interested in the culpability and causality of the accident. This is how five out of ten projects became a failure. [28], Some in the scientific community were still displeased by Legasov and his legacy. To such as extent that I could not imagine the scale of this accident from the available information. And perhaps they should bear criminal responsibility for it. This measure did not prove to be useful in practice. And here the fateful mistake was made, from which, specifically, Chernobyl began. So we have Chernobyl. Almost no such literature was available, in the entire country. If there is a probability of receiving a dose of 75 rem or more, then the local authorities are required to carry out an evacuation. And here is a completely different situation everything inside me is burned"[5] and on another occasion "I'm now, like the mythical Midas, only he turned everything he took into gold, and as for me everything turns into air, even worse, into a vacuum. The various services of the station were on full standby. But these are such personal things. But this was for a few days, and after a few days, everything, of course, recovered. I want to emphasize that I was possibly the only one, among the people I spoke to, who acutely felt this concern. But the fire ended completely on the 2nd of May. The initial organization of clear and reliable communication; this was done practically within a day. You know, sort of similar to Freon circulation in refrigerators. For example, the press spent a lot of time on the so-called needle which was fiddled with for a long time. But it was from abroad, this telegram. Now, with the introduction of all these elements, such as lead, for example, we assessed if there would be lead contamination in the area. Second, at the high temperatures that we had measured at some points, the process would get reversed. An unexpected problem occurred with, for example, specimens lowered into the Finnish station Loviisa. But it was resolved in a very odd manner. And under some anomalous conditions In normal conditions, of course, the graphite comes into contact only with inert material which was ensured by appropriate technical solutions. Even with long breaks for rest, the operators still had to be at the control panel for 10-12 hours. Immediately, it became evident that station management and the leaders of the Ministry of Energy were at odds. Academician Kikoev tried to convince me to stay in postgraduate studies because he liked my graduate thesis. The signal was encrypted according to defined procedure; during each and every deviation from normal operation, the station must inform the Ministry of Energy or whatever ministry it falls under about the situation by using a special code. In one case, a commander was recording higher doses for soldiers who were working wellperhaps as an incentive to work harder and as an opportunity to complete their stay in the zone fasterand lower doses for soldiers who were working poorly. This left a rather wretched impression. 26 April 1986 was a Saturday, a beautiful day and I was thinking of either going to my university department and finishing something there, or maybe letting things slide and going with my wife, Margarita Mikhailovna, and a friend to recreate somewhere, or of going to the party activists' meeting that was scheduled at 10 o'clock at the Ministry that supervises our Institute, The Kurchatov Nuclear Institute. It was announced that it would be the permanent commision, and it would be replaced by a stand-in. He was satisfied with this conversation. Valery Legasov's Tapes Tape 1 Tape 1 is Legasov explaining when he first heard there was a problem at Chernobyl and how he was forced to go to Chernobyl. Thanks to the arrival of comrade Voronin, the overall scheme of work management had started to form. Where did this come from? The amount of dropped lead grew from day to day. I saw this; it bothered me. By the way, looking back, I want to say once again that the question of how positive reactivity was added is a matter of discussion. Of course, the conditions were worsening every day. Because many journalists, and in plays, write that the firemen needlessly stayed there for several hours and got exposed to high radiation doses as a result, etc. Ivan Stepanovich would tell him his point of view and then, when more detailed, specific, technical information was needed, he would ask, To whom should I give the phone, Velikhov or Legasov? And in the first call, he said, Give the phone to Legasov.. Moreover, when the Chernobyl accident happened, when it was necessary to make modifications, I immediately proposed an independent gas-based protection system, that is, injecting into the device sort of a gas capsule. But then, in a conversation, he said that RBMK reactors are very dangerous. On the first day, the 26th, except pouring water there at night, nothing was done on the night of the 26th. Legasov: The station staff. The second consequence of the delay in the development of nuclear energy was the fact that there were insufficient production capacities for, say, VVER reactor shells. Legasov: Hope this isnt confusing to you. It was all tangled up. All this taken together was very unpleasant, and at the same time, hardly unique or specific to the nuclear energy industry alone. In reality, all this was stored in old and used books. Then Silayev called Gorbachev himself and asked that I go back. We will try to add the best prepper articles and videos! But the operational staff there is considerably smaller than in our stations. First of all, it leaked through the side gaps and practically passed by the reactor area that had the fuel; and secondly, its quantity was calculated entirely incorrectly. This, of course, seems surprising and strange. Thats why the most precise information about the state of the reactor was gathered from the ratio of short-lived and long-lived isotopes of iodine-134 and -131. I would very much like to ask to make such a statement that, as of today, we do not have safe nuclear energy, or a concept of safe nuclear energy, or even a concept of a safe nuclear reactor that is completely ready[7], He had a lengthy stay in hospital during the fall of 1987, including experiencing acute appendicitis,[31] during which he attempted suicide. Yes, and I also wanted to talk about the administrative systems. All this was well-coordinated, and if memory serves me correctly, then the numbers were as follows: tens of tonnes were dropped on the first day, then hundreds on the second and third day. He had to leave the institute. [18] His colleague The information was not enough, we were, preparing for some unusual work and therefore the, with long pauses and, in general, everyone was in suspense and each of us, Remembering this road now, I must say that it never occurred to me then that we, are moving to meet an event of a planetary scale, an event that will probably go, down in the history of mankind like the eruption of famous volcanoes, for, example, the death of people in Pompeii or that do not be close to this. I graduated from the Faculty of Physicochemical Engineering of the Moscow Institute of Chemistry and Technology named after Mendeleyev. Military acceptance was also extensive in our industry, so the quality of the equipment was high grade . Right now, Im writing a note to Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov, another one, where I say the same thing. 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